Which type of bone is described as spongy and the inner component?
Compact bone
Cancellous bone
Cortical bone
Anisotrophic bone
What type of material is a bone in terms of its mechanical properties?
Brittle material
Anisotropic
Isotropic
Viscoelastic
What type of loading makes bone more stiff?
Slow loads
Compression loads
Tension loads
Longitudinal loads
What is the primary function of the vertebral body?
Maintain bone density
Resist tension loads
Protects spinal cord
Provide flexitibility
What is the primary material composition of the cortical bone?
Compact, dense shell
Spongy, inner component
90 to 95% collagen
Hydroxyapatite crystals
What is the most common type of energy conversion involved in bone remodeling?
Chemical - thermal - electrical
Mechanical - thermal - electrical
Mechanical - electrical - chemical
Thermal - mechanical - electrical
What is the term used to describe the conversion of one type of energy or force into another, such as in bone remodeling?
Transformational energy shift
Transduction
Conversionary process
Energy transference
What is the term for the bone's response to deformation due to mechanical stress, resulting in electric polarization and bone healing?
Piezoelectricity
Stress-induced electroactivity
Mechano-electrical polarization
Electromagnetic resonance
What percentage of the entire height of the spinal column do intervertebral discs (IVDs) make up?
5-8%
20-33%
10-15%
40-50%
Which component of the intervertebral disc (IVD) transmits loads from one vertebral body to the next?
Nucleus Pulposus
Cartilaginous endplate
Annulus fibrosus
Glycosaminoglycans
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